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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alan B. Fowler</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p><b>Alan Bicksler Fowler</b> (* <a href="15._Oktober" title="15. Oktober">15. Oktober</a> <a href="1928" title="1928">1928</a> in <a href="Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, <a href="Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>; † <a href="4._August" title="4. August">4. August</a> <a href="2024" title="2024">2024</a> in <a href="Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, <a href="Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) war ein <a href="Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten">US-amerikanischer</a> <a href="Festk%C3%B6rperphysik" title="Festkörperphysik">Festkörperphysiker</a>. Er war Teil des Teams, dem 1966 der Nachweis eines zweidimensionalen <a href="Elektronengas" title="Elektronengas">Elektronengases</a> und dessen Quanteneigenschaften in Halbleitern gelang.
</p><p>Fowler leistete 1946 bis 1948 und 1952/53 Wehrdienst in der <a href="United_States_Army" title="United States Army">US Army</a>, wo er am Labor des Signal Corps in Camp Evans, <a href="New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> arbeitete. Er studierte am <a href="Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</a> mit dem <a href="Bachelor" title="Bachelor">Bachelor</a>-Abschluss 1951 und dem <a href="Master" title="Master">Master</a>-Abschluss 1952. Danach forschte er ab 1953 bei <a href="Raytheon" title="Raytheon">Raytheon</a> (während er gleichzeitig in Harvard an seiner Promotion arbeitete) und ab 1958 bei <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. Im Jahr 1958 wurde er an der <a href="Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> in Angewandter Physik promoviert. Er wurde <a href="IBM_Fellow" title="IBM Fellow">IBM Fellow</a>, hatte bei IBM verschiedene Managementpositionen und ging 1993 offiziell bei IBM in den Ruhestand (Emeritus-Status).
</p><p><a href="John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">John Robert Schrieffer</a> hatte 1956 Quanteneffekte beim Elektrontransport aufgrund der zweidimensionalen Geometrie in <a href="Metall-Isolator-Halbleiter-Struktur" title="Metall-Isolator-Halbleiter-Struktur">Metall-Isolator-Halbleiter-Strukturen</a> (MOS) vorhergesagt, der Nachweis gelang aber erst Fowler, <a href="Frank_Fang" title="Frank Fang">Frank Fang</a>, <a href="Phillip_J._Stiles" title="Phillip J. Stiles">Phillip J. Stiles</a> und <a href="Webster_Eugene_Howard" title="Webster Eugene Howard">Webster Eugene Howard</a> (* 1934) bei IBM 1966 durch Anlegen starker Magnetfelder.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>1988 erhielt er mit Frank Fang und Phillip J. Stiles den <a href="Oliver_E._Buckley_Condensed_Matter_Prize" title="Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize">Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize</a>. 1981 erhielt er die Wetherill Medal des Franklin Institute mit Fang, Howard, Stiles und Frank Stern. 1990 wurde er Fellow der <a href="National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> und er ist Fellow der <a href="National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a>, der <a href="American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> und auswärtiges Mitglied der <a href="Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. Außerdem war er <a href="Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</a>-Fellow und Fellow der <a href="American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11509025.html"><i>Alan Fowler.</i></a> In: <i>Physics History Network.</i> American Institute of Physics (englisch)<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></li>
<li>Alan B. Fowler: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Long-Reaching Influence of Arthur von Hippel: Interdisciplinarity and Semiconductors</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">MRS Bulletin</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>30</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>11</span>, 2005, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>854–857</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs2005.274">10.1557/mrs2005.274</a></span> (Enthält eine kurze Biographie des Autors Alan B. Fowler).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Alan+B.+Fowler&rft.atitle=The+Long-Reaching+Influence+of+Arthur+von+Hippel%3A+Interdisciplinarity+and+Semiconductors&rft.au=Alan+B.+Fowler&rft.date=2005&rft.doi=10.1557%2Fmrs2005.274&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=MRS+Bulletin&rft.pages=854-857&rft.volume=30" style="display:none"> </span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pittsburghcremation.com/obituaries/alan-b-fowler/"><i>Alan B. Fowler.</i></a> In: <i>Pittsburgh Cremation & Funeral Care.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 25. Oktober 2024</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+B.+Fowler&rft.title=Alan+B.+Fowler&rft.description=Alan+B.+Fowler&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pittsburghcremation.com%2Fobituaries%2Falan-b-fowler%2F&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. B. Fowler, F. F. Fang, W. E. Howard, P. J. Stiles: <cite style="font-style:italic">Magneto-Oscillatory Conductance in Silicon Surfaces</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Physical Review Letters</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>16</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>20</span>, 16. Mai 1966, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>901–903</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.16.901">10.1103/PhysRevLett.16.901</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Alan+B.+Fowler&rft.atitle=Magneto-Oscillatory+Conductance+in+Silicon+Surfaces&rft.au=A.+B.+Fowler%2C+F.+F.+Fang%2C+W.+E.+Howard%2C+...&rft.date=1966-05-16&rft.doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.16.901&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=20&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.pages=901-903&rft.volume=16" style="display:none"> </span></span>
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